Not all walls are made of bricks and stones. Some walls hold stories, secrets, and strength.
You may immediately think of the Great Wall of China or the historic Roman ramparts when you think of legendary walls. But hidden away in northern Nigeria is a fortress known as the Great Walls of Kano, which is equally impressive but much less well-known. A wall so large that it encircled the entire town was a powerful feature of this city long before highways and tall buildings. It's more than just a wall. It's a stronghold. Many children don't even learn about this underappreciated aspect of African history in school.
The Great Walls of Kano History
More than a millennium ago, the Great Walls of Kano first appeared. The leaders of Kano realized that the city needed protection as it developed into a thriving trading hub along the trans-Saharan routes in the 11th century. The foundation was laid by Kano's third king, Sarki Gijimasu, between 1095 and 1134. The walls grew over centuries and were at their most magnificent during the Zamnagawa era in the 14th century.
These impressive walls, which were built of clay and earth, surrounded the entire city for more than 14 kilometres, or roughly 9 miles. Some of the sections were 40 feet thick at the base and as high as 50 feet, which was an engineering feat at the time. Think of a wall that is so broad that you could mount a horse on it. To ensure the safety of Kano's flourishing populace, thirteen enormous gates were used, each guarded by devoted sentinels known as Sarkin Kofars.
Kano wall at Sabuwar Kofa Gate. Image source: Wikipedia
A Sign of Prosperity and Power
The Great Walls represented Kano's prosperity and unity and served as more than just a defensive structure. As merchants, intellectuals, and craftspeople poured into the city, the walls served as a proud statement: Kano was a significant location, a hub for trade, culture, and government in West Africa. The city's first settlement, Dala Hill, the bustling marketplace of Kurmi Market, and the seat of power, the Emir's Palace, were all included in its embrace.
Why the Walls Matter
The Great Walls of Kano are a great place for parents and teachers to start teaching about African history and landmarks. The Kano Walls tell an engrossing tale of African ingenuity, community, and resiliency, but Timbuktu, the Nile, and the Pyramids often take centre stage in classrooms. It's one of the best African fortress stories for children because it features real people, real issues, and real solutions. No dragons. Just bravery and clever reasoning. Their story is a reminder that African cities had engineers, leaders, and planners long before colonizers came with maps.
What’s Left Today?
The effects of neglect, urbanization, and weather have been felt for centuries. Some parts have collapsed, and encroachment on these historic grounds has resulted from Kano's population growth. However, notable portions remain intact, honoured as one of West Africa's most striking monuments and designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Why Kids Should Know This
Teaching children about African sites such as the Great Walls of Kano enables them to understand that Africa was not left out of history. We have equally, if not more, compelling stories. Europe or Asia is often mentioned when discussing castles and historic cities. However, Africa was also great.
Have you ever visited the Great Walls of Kano, or do you have a favorite hidden African landmark that deserves more love? Drop your thoughts in the comments below, let’s keep the conversation alive!
